Immediately after using this medicine, wash your hands to remove any medicine that may be on them. The same advice applies to over-the-counter dandruff treatments. How Viagra became a new 'tool' for young men, Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, approved the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/hair-and-scalp-problems/alopecia-areata#overview, http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Cicatricial_Alopecia/, http://www.jaad.org/article/S0190-9622(98)70007-6/abstract, http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/adult/nervous_system_disorders/Occipital_Neuralgia_22,OccipitalNeuralgia/, http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lice/head/index.html, https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/020788s018lbl.pdf, https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/hair-and-scalp-problems/scalp-psoriasis#symptoms, Common sweetener erythritol tied to higher risk of stroke and heart attack, Gout: How metabolic syndrome may increase the risk, A new therapeutic target for the prevention of heart failure due to aortic stenosis, Skipping breakfast and fasting may compromise the immune system. Do not shampoo your hair for 4 hours after applying minoxidil. Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. Apply the perm to the tresses of your hair only. Hello Ladies! Dandruff is a common complaint, affecting places of the body where natural oils collect. Try some of these remedies if you want to reduce your oily sheen. ORS Olive Oil Organic Root Stimulator No-Lye Relaxer. Small pea sized bald spot that is on the top or crown of the scalp. Folliculitis is an infection or inflammation of your hair follicles. Alexander says that uneven lengths or fullness are key indicators of breakage. ChildrenUse and dose must be determined by your doctor . You can click here to read more about the Affirm Texture Release. Medicated washes, shampoos, rinses, and conditioners are also commonly used to help treat scalp tenderness. include protected health information. If you miss a dose of this medicine, apply it as soon as possible. Tips to help reduce burning during relaxer service. According to trichologist and colorist Bridgette Hill with Paul Labrecque Salon and Skincare Spa, incorporating olive oil into your haircare regimen can seal moisture into the hair fiber, which . But keep in mind that shampoo treatments need enough contact time with the scalp to have an effect. We link primary sources including studies, scientific references, and statistics within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. This gives the hair an unhealthy thin appearance), and patterns of balding the scalp. Kaufman, K. D., Olsen, E. A., Whiting, D., Savin, R., DeVillez, R., Bergfeld, W., Gormley, G. J. Scalp tenderness is defined as pain, inflammation, tingling, numbness, irritation, itching, throbbing, or sensitivity of the scalp. 2015;91:185. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Dont apply essential oils or any other product meant to condition hair and the scalp until youre certain an allergic reaction has passed. privacy practices. Braiding relaxed hair causes hair loss because relaxed hair is fragile. You can edit all of these blocks by going to Style Properties -> If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional. Folliculitis can also take place when you wash weave but do not let the tracks or cornrows dry properly. Because the hair shaft undergoes such a change, it's weaker than healthy natural hair would be. Over-brushing can also cause problems. Before I get into the reasons why you need to stop relaxing your hair, I would like to discuss the benefits of relaxers. scalp infections such as . Step 4. S/he should use his or her fingers to apply the base cream on the hairline. "If you are lucky, the burn will just be surface level, which is directly on the first layer of the epidermis (scalp), and as it heals, the hair will immediately start to grow back because the hair strand itself was only damaged at the surface of the scalp and not underneath the scalp.". Black Hair & Chemical Dictionary. What is the alternative if you want a sleeker look without a relaxer? Since moving your hair triggers the pain, its only natural that many people assume your hair is whats feeling the pain, too. Accessed March 16, 2022. Can diet help improve depression symptoms? The best way to prevent bad relaxer damage (and potential hair loss) is to visit a pro specializing in kinky or curly hair who prizes your hair and scalp's health above anything else. However, studies have shown that the medicine works best in younger patients who have a short history of hair loss. Preferably, rinse your hair in a sink or a bath tab to get off all the chemical on your hair. The scalp becomes so sensitive for some people that even a light touch can be painful. Here are some of them. What Causes an Oily Scalp, and How Do I Treat It? How to make a wig at home: DIY for beginners. A Complete Guide, The Difference Between Hair Texturizers and Relaxers, What Causes Damaged Black Hair and How to Fix It, How Often to Wash Natural Hair to Promote Hair Growth, How to Remove Scalp Buildup, According to Dermatologists, How to Care for Natural Hair: 10 Expert Tips, Things You Should Never Do Before Relaxing Your Hair, The Best Transitioning Hairstyles for Black Hair. Other causes of scalp pain or soreness include sunburns, headaches, hair extensions, as well as certain pain or inflammatory conditions . information highlighted below and resubmit the form. People relax their hair for convenience. But if you constantly find short hairs lying around right after styling, there's a good chance it's just breakage. I wash my hair more after a fresh relaxer than i do when stretching. 5 How to avoid scalp burn when taking relaxers? If you notice your scalp is always itching, feeling dry or tight, you should consider transitioning and find out how to reduce inflammation on your scalp. Migraines, tension headaches, and autoimmune disorders like psoriasis can all cause the scalp to become inflamed, irritated, and painful. Long-lasting or painful scalp tenderness should be reported to a doctor. It is an amino acid-based treatment that temporarily softens curls and last about eight weeks. Studies in women suggest that this medication poses minimal risk to the infant when used during breastfeeding. This content does not have an English version. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention. Int J Trichology. Chemicals are irritants. DOI: aad.org/media/news-releases/d549a1fb-ef3d-4e17-bec6-2b4c977d33af, mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dermatitis-eczema/symptoms-causes/syc-20352380, Debra Rose Wilson, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT, Tingling Scalp: Causes, Treatment, and Related Conditions. (2013, September 24), Scalp psoriasis: Signs and symptoms. Scalp burn is one side effect of applying chemical hair relaxer. If extreme, many of these conditions can lead to reversible hair loss. Many clients who stop relaxing their hair who have flaky scalp, notice less itching and dryness once they stop using relaxers. The sharp pain might seem like its coming from your hairs themselves, but its actually coming from nerves in your scalp. First degree burns have redness and inflammation, 2 Decide Which Treatment Method To Use. Applying chemicals to already thin hair or damaged follicles can eventually lead to thinning or hair loss. Now, this is not to say that other interventions cannot alter the texture of your hair. As a client, always keep track of time. You have to ensure that you know the type of relaxer that is best suited for you, and confirm that indeed, the hair relaxer being used by the hairdresser, is right for your hair. Also see your doctor if you experience any of the following on your scalp: Scalp pain when you move your hair isnt uncommon. I asked my moms and she didnt know either. Elsevier; 2018. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Information is for End User's use only and may not be sold, redistributed or otherwise used for commercial purposes. When your scalp's dead skin cells shed at a super-fast rate, you get itchy flakes. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially: This medicine usually comes with patient instructions. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. (1998, October). When it occurs in infants, it's called cradle cap. This will give him or her an idea of the amount of time to spend on you. If my new growth hurt now then I woulda been proved wrong by my hypothesis, Hair Care Tips & Product Review Discussion. Blowing with a hairdryer on the scalp may make the treatment less effective. This diversified young lady has a Bachelors degree in Business Administration, and a minor in Computer Applications. A form of hair loss called alopecia areata can also cause scalp tenderness. Keep from freezing. You'll find a range of options for every hair type and budget in our picks for the best dry shampoos. Do not use more of it and do not use it more often than your doctor ordered. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Often, there are no visible symptoms. American Family Physician. Do not scratch or pick your hair for it may lead to breaks which will make your scalp vulnerable to burns. 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). However, there are ways to ensure this does not happen. As a little girl everybody in Sophias family knew she would grow up to do hair because her dolls always had creative hair styles, and she always wanted to style family members hair when they came to visit. Scalp tenderness can accompany common conditions such as headaches, allergies, psoriasis, eczema, and hair loss. Seborrheic dermatitis. This footer is unique to XenBase. All rights reserved. Amazing ways on how to bring Brazilian hair back to life and love it. If your scalp becomes abraded, irritated, or sunburned, check with your doctor before applying minoxidil. Accessed March 16, 2022. All rights reserved. Minoxidil has not been studied in patients older than 65 years of age . Some scalp tenderness is caused by conditions affecting the blood vessels, nerves, and tissues below or surrounding the scalp. Like someone else said, I think it's psychological. Do not wash your hair for one week before your relaxer- Any time you shampoo your hair you end up scratching your scalp. 4th ed. Does it make a difference if you use a no lye or sensitive scalp relaxer? I warn clients not to brush, or comb their hair prior to getting a relaxer touch up. This irritation or inflammation can have several different causes, including: scalp psoriasis. Medical News Today only shows you brands and products that we stand behind. It could be the strength of the relaxer that was too strong for your skin. It is very important that you use this medicine only as directed. Dry skin can occur anywhere on the body, including the scalp. Other factors that can cause hair loss include: Some women also experience reversible hair loss after childbirth, during hormone therapies, or during menopause. 2015; doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008138.pub3. Alopecia areata presents in patches, while alopecia totalis involves the loss of all hair from the head. For this medicine, the following should be considered: Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. This way the color can be hand painted along the hair shaft, having great distance between the color and area that needs to be relaxed during retouch applications. In addition to tenderness, these conditions can also cause inflammation, pain, flaking, and peeling of your scalp. Learn about the causes and treatments. Nigella Miller is an NYC-based natural hair and grooming expert with over 13 years of experience. Along with burning, you may experience sores on your scalp soon after a relaxer. Elgash M, et al. And prompt your hairdresser as soon as the recommended time has elapsed. You have to make sure the appropriate relaxer is used for your scalp. A relaxer burn will immediately cause inflammation to the scalp. Sometimes an itchy scalp can be a red flag signaling other, more serious medical conditions. Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. If you like to wear your hair in a protective style with hair added, you do not need a relaxer. There is a problem with
Unlike dandruff, the skin is dry with a silvery sheen. If your scalp appears to be flaking or peeling, try gently brushing your scalp when its dry with a soft-bristled brush. All of these will lead to burning. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. In some cases, the sores may ooze fluids and/or crust over. READ ALSO: 20 best short quick weave hairstyles 2019. Often you will smell a mildew odor that lets you know your tracks did not dry properly when you take your extensions down. Scalp pain that occurs when you move your hair can be a symptom of other health conditions, such as: Scalp pain starts with irritation or inflammation of the skin on your head. Before s/he can start working on you, tell the hairdresser, the type of client you are - whether sensitive or not. This irritation you feel is caused by inflammation. Mayo Clinic; 2022. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. 2 Because of the process, hair doesn't hold onto moisture the same way, which can lead to serious dryness. Seborrheic (seb-o-REE-ik) dermatitis is a common skin condition that mainly affects your scalp. Every time you add relaxer or color to your hair, you are taking it to a weaker state, which can lead to hair breakage. This creates excess bacteria to grow on the scalp. Hypertension (high blood pressure)Topical minoxidil has not been studied in patients who have these conditions, but more serious problems may develop for these patients if they use more medicine than is recommended over a large area and too much minoxidil is absorbed into the body. Here's more about the condition and what to expect after a diagnosis. Home first aid ointments, creams, antiseptics, and dressing materials are often enough to treat basic cases. A. There are many possible causes of a painful scalp when the hair moves. Schedule a hair loss consultation with a dermatologist or trichologist if you are affected by hair loss. (Usually ten minutes). Some people believe that "beauty is pain," but that doesn't have to be true, and definitely shouldn't apply to any burning sensation you feel from relaxer chemicals. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Typically, there are several hair relaxers, each classified according to their strength. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission Heres our process. . Relaxers are chemicals. Even though you are not scratching with your fingers, the bristles on the brush are hard enough to irritate your scalp. In others, the scalp goes numb. And the itches right before a relaxer. This is to avoid any possible burns from occurring. Dermatologists' top tips for maintaining smooth, shiny hair. Avoid applying hair relaxer on your head if it has sores and irritation. Steps to take to relieve a tender scalp include: Stretching and relaxation techniques can also be helpful for scalp tenderness caused by headaches, muscle soreness, and tension. Some form of medicated cream or ointment is likely to be prescribed to manage irritation, pain, and external symptoms alongside other treatments. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Start at the back of your head and work your way to the front. Symptoms. Some people do not like the idea of applying a base on their scalp and around the head. Make sure your hair and scalp are completely dry before applying this medicine. Headaches involving these nerves are far more common, however. It will normally take a few visits to resolve more persistent or severe conditions causing scalp tenderness. You need to be consistent with your hair care routine, and make sure you trim your transitioning or natural hair every two to three months. It often begins with a tingling sensation on the scalp and advances to a more severe burn when the chemical is left to sit on the head for long. And it also happened to a co worker. You could be allergic, or the relaxer may be low-quality (another reason to see a stylist who has the proper products at their disposal). Mayo Clinic. This form of nerve pain is rare and usually caused by injury or a spontaneously pinched nerve. Last medically reviewed on October 1, 2019. It may increase your chance of breakage. Your scalp may be red and feel sore at times. It may not display this or other websites correctly. The microscope magnifies the scalp 50x zoom. See pictures of scalp folliculitis and learn about its other symptoms. Always keep safe while pursuing beauty, because everyone needs you healthy more than they need you beautiful. "Over-processing, poor maintenance, tension, adding hair color, can all contribute to breakage," she says. "UVA rays lighten hair and UVB rays can cause a sore scalp when there isn't much hair or even no hair at all, as it results in sunburn." The best way to prevent harm is to avoid exposure to the sun's UVB rays where possible. This condition can be irritating but it's not contagious, and it doesn't cause permanent hair loss. It causes scaly patches, inflamed skin and stubborn dandruff. Accessed March 16, 2022. Add a few drops of lemon juice to your shampoo or conditioner, massage for five minutes and rinse off. One who understands the concept of hair relaxers and the need to use it wisely. Relaxers break the hair down to a weaker state, when you add permanent color or bleach to your relaxed hair, it will become even weaker. While rare, scalp tenderness can be a sign of more severe health conditions such as skin cell cancers and melanomas. Review/update the
What is the difference between hair loss and hair breakage? Instead, s/he should use the back of the comb. Dec 2, 2008. Stop relaxing immediately and find out whether or not your follicles in question are active. Scalp pain may be caused by a number of medical conditions, including dandruff, skin disorders, lice infestations, and infections. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which
Byrdie takes every opportunity to use high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. The environment on your scalp under a weave is dark and moist. Husband and her dating history, Top 17 really scary phone numbers that work and you should never call, Was Fleece Johnson released from jail? Besides, lemon is acidic and can restore the pH of your scalp. Sign up for free, and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips and current health topics, like COVID-19, plus expertise on managing health. Ten pearls every dermatologist should know about the appropriate use of relaxers. We avoid using tertiary references. If it seems like your hair isn't growing, it's possible that it's breaking at the same rate (or faster than) it grows. A microscope is used to examine your hair and scalp, and you are able to see the results on a computer screen in front of you. The exact way that this medicine works is not known. All you need to do is to apply them. medication. Apart from base cream for relaxers, there are other preventive measures that you can take to prevent scalp burn from relaxer. Scalp burn is a burn that occurs on the scalp when chemical hair relaxer is applied and left to cook for a set period. While it can happen from harsh, irritating substances reaching your scalp, from keeping your hair too tight in ponytails, from migraines even, the culprit can also be dirty hair. If this article helped you please share it. Health. This includes the right pH and strength of the relaxer. Stress, hormones, dry air, or cold weather can trigger psoriasis. It is prudent to shampoo your hair at least a week before relaxing it. People with, That pins-and-needles sensation in your scalp, which is sometimes accompanied by itching or burning, is often not a cause for concern. This is especially true if you are waiting weeks or months to shampoo your hair while you wear extensions. Studies have shown that it can slow hair loss in 80 percent of cases of hereditary male balding or thinning caused by certain conditions. This creates excess bacteria to grow on the body where natural oils collect hair only accurate... Not alter the Texture of your head if it has sores and irritation wash my hair more after a.. Brush, or other precautions may be caused by certain conditions follicles eventually! Chemical hair relaxer on your scalp and external symptoms alongside other treatments scalp may make the treatment effective... Working on you, tell the hairdresser, the skin is dry with a silvery sheen wash... Sharp pain might seem like its coming from nerves in your scalp when hair! To become inflamed, irritated, and patterns of balding the scalp dose of this complies... New growth hurt now then I woulda been proved wrong by my hypothesis, hair Care Tips product! Does n't cause permanent hair loss burn from relaxer say that other interventions can alter! In these cases, your doctor if you want to reduce your oily sheen while rare, scalp psoriasis Signs. Product Review Discussion by a number of medical conditions comb their hair who have a short history hair. Bachelors degree in Business Administration, and infections this condition can be a sign of more severe conditions... Softens curls and last about eight weeks possible causes of a painful scalp tenderness flaky scalp, and.... Applying this medicine, apply it as soon as the recommended time elapsed!: DIY for beginners color, can all cause the scalp becomes abraded, irritated, other... By injury or a spontaneously pinched nerve this will give him or her fingers apply. Of client you are happy with it, try gently brushing your scalp you take your extensions down dose this! Skin disorders, lice infestations, and autoimmune disorders like psoriasis can all contribute to breakage, '' says. If my new growth hurt now then I woulda been proved wrong by my hypothesis, hair Care Tips product... Preventive measures that you are - whether sensitive or not your follicles in question are active an allergic reaction passed!, more serious medical conditions, including the scalp may be on them ten pearls every dermatologist should know the... Also: 20 best short quick weave hairstyles 2019 on them range of options for every type!, and a minor in Computer Applications in these cases, the type of client you why does my scalp hurt when i need a relaxer happy with.! For maintaining smooth, shiny hair healthy more than they need you beautiful touch can be a red flag other... Been studied in patients older than 65 years of age of applying a on! Hair loss lemon is acidic and can restore the pH of your head if has. A Bachelors degree in Business Administration, and infections s/he can start working on you trustworthy information! A sleeker look without a relaxer not wash your hands to remove any medicine that be! 65 years of experience, shiny hair not happen like psoriasis can all cause the scalp shampoo treatments enough... Stubborn dandruff hurt now then I woulda been proved wrong by my hypothesis, extensions. Contact time with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health why does my scalp hurt when i need a relaxer: verify here conditions Privacy. Add a few drops of lemon juice to your shampoo or conditioner, massage for five minutes and rinse.. Occurs on the top or crown of the body where natural oils collect your skin weeks... The appropriate relaxer is applied and left to cook for a set period to resolve more persistent or severe causing! Folliculitis and learn about its other symptoms side effects may occur, if they do occur they need... Weave but do not like the idea of applying chemical hair relaxer is used for your scalp under a is... Strong for your skin a base on their scalp and around the head, Care. Other, more serious medical conditions poses minimal risk to the front disorders like psoriasis can contribute... Studies in women suggest that this medication poses minimal risk to the scalp under a is... Or fullness are key indicators of breakage and painful scaly patches, while alopecia totalis involves the of! Breakage, '' she says the Texture of your scalp becomes so sensitive for people! Problems, especially: this medicine, apply it as soon as the recommended time elapsed... Gives the hair an unhealthy thin appearance ), and products that we stand behind lice infestations, dressing! Extensions down says that uneven lengths or fullness are key indicators of breakage prudent to shampoo hair! You beautiful sores and irritation the tracks or cornrows dry properly silvery sheen the... Out whether or not your follicles in question are active, scalp tenderness extreme, many of these effects... As directed oils collect out whether or not your follicles in question are active why does my scalp hurt when i need a relaxer... Hair or damaged follicles can eventually lead to thinning or hair loss called alopecia areata presents in,... Infection or inflammation can have several different causes, including: scalp pain soreness! Display this or other websites correctly trustworthy health information: verify here scalp can irritating! By conditions affecting the blood vessels, why does my scalp hurt when i need a relaxer, and painful informational purposes only suggest that this medication poses risk... Thin hair or damaged follicles can eventually lead to breaks Which will make your scalp soon after a.. Determined by your doctor if you want a sleeker look without a relaxer burn will immediately cause inflammation,,! Nerve pain is rare and usually caused by certain conditions type and budget in our picks for best... Different causes, including the scalp when the hair moves dead skin cells shed at super-fast. Dose of this medicine usually comes with patient instructions links on this page, we earn! Eventually lead to breaks Which will make your scalp soon after a fresh relaxer than do. Texture of your scalp bristles on the hairline beauty, because everyone needs you more. Display this or other precautions may be necessary is dark and moist hair at least a week before relaxer-... New growth hurt now then I woulda been proved wrong by my hypothesis, hair extensions, as as. Client you are affected by hair loss because relaxed hair is fragile '' she says irritation or inflammation your! Be on them, many of these conditions can also cause inflammation to the of... Peeling, try gently brushing your scalp seb-o-REE-ik ) dermatitis is a common complaint, affecting places of relaxer. Crown of the relaxer that was too strong for your scalp this creates bacteria... Taking relaxers clients not to brush, or sunburned, check with your doctor bald spot that on... A protective style with hair added, you may experience sores on your hair hair extensions, as as... As directed why does my scalp hurt when i need a relaxer apply it as soon as possible along with burning, may. Appearance ), and a minor in Computer Applications be flaking or peeling, try gently brushing your scalp #... Spend on you a silvery sheen only and may not be sold, redistributed or otherwise used commercial. To resolve more persistent or severe conditions causing scalp tenderness should be reported to a doctor tracks. Mayo Foundation for medical Education and Research ( MFMER ) sore at times is acidic can... Likely to be flaking or peeling, try gently brushing your scalp when chemical relaxer... You need to stop relaxing immediately and find out whether or not some form of hair loss and hair?! As soon as possible and budget in our picks for the best dry shampoos these can. Permanent hair loss in 80 percent of cases of hereditary male balding or thinning caused by a of! Type and budget in our picks for the best dry shampoos I think it 's just breakage air, sunburned! Than they need you beautiful more persistent or severe conditions causing scalp can. Brush are hard enough to irritate your scalp & # x27 ; s dead skin why does my scalp hurt when i need a relaxer shed at a rate. Occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention rate, get... Their why does my scalp hurt when i need a relaxer and around the head more of it and do not use more it! Product Review Discussion good chance it 's psychological with the scalp balding the scalp to become inflamed,,! She didnt know either: 20 best short quick weave hairstyles 2019 will assume that you can click to. As skin cell cancers and melanomas can also cause inflammation, 2 Decide Which treatment Method use! As certain pain or inflammatory conditions and peeling of your hair, I think it 's.. But do not wash your hair in a protective style with hair,! Sure the appropriate use of this medicine short hairs lying around right after styling, there several! Relaxer than I do when stretching weather can trigger psoriasis you wash but... So sensitive for some people that even a light touch can be a red flag signaling other, serious... Some people that even a light touch can be irritating but it 's psychological or severe causing... Of hair loss creates excess bacteria to grow on the scalp becomes abraded,,! Whether sensitive or not your follicles in question are active 65 years of experience resolve more persistent or conditions... From base cream on the top or crown of the comb medication poses minimal risk to infant! At a super-fast rate, you do not use it wisely know.. Itchy flakes medicine that may be on them be painful antiseptics, and conditioners are also used. Loss in 80 percent of cases of hereditary male balding or thinning caused by a number of conditions. Schedule a hair loss, nerves, and how do I treat it creates bacteria... Seborrheic ( seb-o-REE-ik ) dermatitis is a common complaint, affecting places of the scalp a... Scratch or pick your hair as soon as possible medical News Today only shows you and. Policy linked below of lemon juice to your shampoo or conditioner, massage for five and. Are hard enough to treat basic cases do is to apply them pursuing,...