"[75], Helen is frequently depicted on Athenian vases as being threatened by Menelaus and fleeing from him. In William Shakespeare's play Troilus and Cressida, Helen is a minor character who adores Troilus. Zeus also transformed himself into a goose and raped Nemesis, who produced an egg from which Helen was born. Émile Boisacq considered Ἑλένη to derive from the well-known noun ἑλένη meaning "torch". In this frankly light work, Euripides deflates one of the best-known legends of Greek mythology, that Helen ran off adulterously with Paris to Troy. Helen frequently appeared in Athenian comedies of the fifth century BC as a caricature of Pericles's mistress Aspasia. In Virgil's Aeneid, Deiphobus gives an account of Helen's treacherous stance: when the Trojan Horse was admitted into the city, she feigned Bacchic rites, leading a chorus of Trojan women, and, holding a torch among them, she signaled to the Greeks from the city's central tower. In her youth, she was abducted by Theseus. Helen of Troy Limited Common Stock Real Time Stock Quotes. 1916. “It is a story of empowerment for a woman,” she says. The Rape of Helen by Tintoretto (1578–1579, Museo del Prado, Madrid); Helen languishes in the corner of a land-sea battle scene.[51]. After Helen ran away with Paris, prince of Troy, the Greek armies fought a ten year long war against Troy to win her back. Throughout this essay, the genetic biology of Helen, Tyndareus, Zeus and Leda as well as anyone who could have an effect on her phenotype. Maestro of Mise-en-Scène", "Did the Helen of the Homeric Odyssey ever go to Troy? Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). She, and the whole story of Troy, were very real to the Ancient Greeks, as was all within their mythology. A competition between her suitors for her hand in marriage saw Menelaus emerge victorious. Yes. Theocritus conjures the song epithalamium Spartan women sung at Platanistas commemorating the marriage of Helen and Menelaus:[81], We first a crown of low-growing lotus After Paris was killed in combat, there was some dispute among the Trojans about which of Priam's surviving sons she should remarry: Helenus or Deiphobus, but she was given to the latter. Megapenthes was a son of Menelaus by his concubine Tereis, no further origin. In it he addresses many aspects of the Helen myth and contrasts her with the seer Cassandra. This is not, however, the case with certain secular medieval illustrations. Helen of Troy (NASDAQ:HELE): Q3 Non-GAAP EPS of $3.76 beats by $0.74; GAAP EPS of $3.34 beats by $0.63.Revenue of $637.74M (+34.3% Y/Y) beats by … Well, it’s at least very likely that the setting of the story was real. [33] Timothy Gantz has suggested that the tradition that Zeus came to Leda in the form of a swan derives from the version in which Zeus and Nemesis transformed into birds. [25] The First Vatican Mythographer introduces the notion that two eggs came from the union: one containing Castor and Pollux; one with Helen and Clytemnestra. Her beauty inspired artists of all times to represent her, frequently as the personification of ideal human beauty. 1.53%. Georg Curtius related Helen (Ἑλένη) to the moon (Selene; Σελήνη). Concluding the catalog of Helen's suitors, Hesiod reports Zeus' plan to obliterate the race of men and the heroes in particular. However, Dayne brings a new take to the character. The 1951 Swedish film Sköna Helena is an adapted version of Offenbach's operetta, starring Max Hansen and Eva Dahlbeck In 1956, a Franco-British epic titled Helen of Troy was released, directed by Oscar-winning director Robert Wise and starring Italian actress Rossana Podestà in the title role. Helen of Troy Buy This Allposters.com. would that I had been wife to a better man, Helen's abduction caused an invasion of Athens by Castor and Pollux, who captured Aethra in revenge, and returned their sister to Sparta. Sextus Propertius imagines Helen as a girl who practices arms and hunts with her brothers:[42]. ** [24] Euripides' play Helen, written in the late 5th century BC, is the earliest source to report the most familiar account of Helen's birth: that, although her putative father was Tyndareus, she was actually Zeus' daughter. In the form of a swan, the king of gods was chased by an eagle, and sought refuge with Leda. This painting depicts Paris' judgement. In the Cypria, Nemesis did not wish to mate with Zeus. He is inspecting Aphrodite, who is standing naked before him. Bettany Hughes explores the history behind the famous Helen of Troy of Homer's Iliad. Ft. single family home built in 2009 that sold on 08/25/2009. The abduction of beautiful Helen, wife of Spartan King Menelaus, by Paris of Troy triggers a long war. She was voiced by Jodi Benson. In Pre-Raphaelite art, Helen is often shown with shining curly hair and ringlets. She is the sister of Clytemnestra, the wife of powerful Ancient Greek King Agamemnon (Johnny Harris). Clytemnestra tries to warn Agamemnon that sacrificing Iphigenia for Helen's sake is, "buying what we most detest with what we hold most dear".[55][56]. Theseus took Helen and left her with his mother Aethra or his associate Aphidnus at Aphidnae or Athens. [38] In Goethe's Faust, Centaur Chiron is said to have aided the Dioscuri brothers in returning Helen home. The kings, queens, and heroes of the Trojan Cycle are often related to the gods, since divine origins gave stature to the Greeks' heroic ancestors. [85], Helen was also worshiped in Attica along with her brothers, and on Rhodes as Helen Dendritis (Helen of the Trees, Έλένα Δενδρῖτις); she was a vegetation or a fertility goddess. [91] The satirist Lucian of Samosata features Helen in his famous Dialogues of the Dead, in which he portrays her deceased spirit as aged and withered. For the play, see. ", Helen's worship was also present on the opposite bank of Eurotas at Therapne, where she shared a shrine with Menelaus and the Dioscuri. [96] Canadian novelist and poet Margaret Atwood re-envisioned the myth of Helen in modern, feminist guise in her poem "Helen of Troy Does Countertop Dancing". She is mostly thought to have been the daughter of the god Zeus and Spartan Queen Leda. The shrine has been known as "Menelaion" (the shrine of Menelaus), and it was believed to be the spot where Helen was buried alongside Menelaus. Nevertheless, the same author earlier states that Helen, Castor and Pollux were produced from a single egg. order back issues and use the historic Daily Express [27] Pseudo-Apollodorus states that Leda had intercourse with both Zeus and Tyndareus the night she conceived Helen. Tlepolemus was a son of Heracles and Astyoche. The epic poets tell us that Helen was a gorgeous and feisty princess, heir to the lush and fertile Spartan kingdom in the Greek mainland. A popular theme, The Request of Helen (Helenes Apaitesis, Ἑλένης Ἀπαίτησις), was the subject of a drama by Sophocles, now lost. The production has already been likened to Game of Thrones for its impressive production and similar aesthetics. Leda then produced an egg, from which Helen emerged. [98] Helen reappears in the season three finale, "The Good, the Bad, and the Cuddly" as an Amazon warrior, who assists the Legends in defeating the demon Mallus's army. The truth, however, is that Helen of Troy never really existed and she can look however you imagine her to have looked. He thus promised to solve the problem, if Tyndareus in turn would support him in his courting of Penelope, the daughter of Icarius. Letters will be carved in the bark, so that someone passing by [22] Modern findings suggest the area around Menelaion in the southern part of the Eurotas valley seems to have been the center of Mycenaean Laconia. Tyndareus readily agreed, and Odysseus proposed that, before the decision was made, all the suitors should swear a most solemn oath to defend the chosen husband against whoever should quarrel with him. [95], Inspired by the line, "Was this the face that launched a thousand ships...?" She was the most popular girl in the academy and Adonis' girlfriend. Helen appears in various versions of the Faust myth, including Christopher Marlowe's 1604 play The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, in which Faustus famously marvels, "Was this the face that launched a thousand ships / And burnt the topless towers of Ilium?" Helen is also conjured by Faust in Goethe's Faust. [66] When Menelaus finally found her, he raised his sword to kill her. Images of Helen start appearing in the 7th century BC. She lands a job as an actress and unintentionally starts a war between two film studios. There was a beauty-mark between her eyebrows. [77] The Etruscans, who had a sophisticated knowledge of Greek mythology, demonstrated a particular interest in the theme of the delivery of Helen's egg, which is depicted in relief mirrors. When considering the many Greek and Roman myths that surround Helen, from her childhood to her life after the Trojan War, a layered and fascinating woman emerges. The earliest accounts of this war come from Homer, who lived around the eighth century B.C., several centuries after the events took place. The marriage of Helen and Menelaus marks the beginning of the end of the age of heroes. [91] One Pythagorean source claimed that Helen had originally come from a colony on the moon,[91] where people were larger, stronger, and "fifteen times" more beautiful than ordinary mortals. An analysis of the legend including historical evidence of worship as a goddess. [97], In the Legends of Tomorrow episode "Helen Hunt", Helen is portrayed by Israeli-American model and actress Bar Paly. She was believed to have been the daughter of Zeus and Leda, and was the sister of Clytemnestra, Castor and Pollux, Philonoe, Phoebe and Timandra. Thus he won her fairly and took her away to Troia, with the full consent of her natural protectors. Although Helen is sometimes depicted as being raped by Paris, Ancient Greek sources are often elliptical and contradictory. In a famous representation by the Athenian vase painter Makron, Helen follows Paris like a bride following a bridegroom, her wrist grasped by Paris' hand. Herodotus states that Helen was abducted, but the Cypria simply mentions that after giving Helen gifts, "Aphrodite brings the Spartan queen together with the Prince of Troy. Deserted, and went sailing to Troy, with never a thought for In Hellenistic times, she was associated with the moon due to the similarity of her name to the Greek word Σελήνη (Selēnē), meaning "Moon, goddess of the moon". Another ancient tradition, told by Stesichorus, tells of how "not she, but her wraith only, had passed to Troy, while she was borne by the Gods to the land of Egypt, and there remained until the day when her lord [Menelaus], turning aside on the homeward voyage, should find her there."[7]. The backstory of Troy: Fall of a City focuses on Helen’s elopement from Greece to Troy with the Trojan prince, Paris (Louis Hunter). ** The awesome Helen of Troy Aristocrat slot machine game may be available to play for free social gaming or real moolah today on your iPad, iPhone, Android, Windows device, PC or Mac. As a sign of the importance of the pact, Tyndareus sacrificed a horse. View detailed financial information, real-time news, videos, quotes and analysis on Helen of Troy Limited (NASDAQ:HELE). (Act V, Scene I.) [a] Christopher Marlowe's lines from his tragedy Doctor Faustus (1604) are frequently cited: "Was this the face that launched a thousand ships / And burnt the topless towers of Ilium? HELE . Castor and Pollux), were born on the island of Pefnos, adding that the Spartan poet Alcman also said this,[36] while the poet Lycophron's use of the adjective "Pephnaian" (Πεφναίας) in association with Helen, suggests that Lycophron may have known a tradition which held that Helen was also born on the island.[37]. Helen of Troy strongly condemns racism, discrimination, hatred, violence, and the loss of lives. In Greek mythology, Helen was the most beautiful woman from the age of the heroes. George has fleshed her characters out well; she's given Helen enough conscience that her guilt feelings seem real, yet we understand why she chose to leave with the god-like Paris. [91] Salvador Dalí was obsessed with Helen of Troy from childhood[91] and saw his wife Gala Dalí and the surrealist character Gradiva as the embodiments of Helen. Her legs were the best; her mouth the cutest. She therefore changed shape into various animals as she attempted to flee Zeus, finally becoming a goose. In order to earn his favour, Aphrodite promised Paris the most beautiful woman in the world. [40] In most sources, Iphigenia is the daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, but Duris of Samos and other writers followed Stesichorus' account. Dayne explains that Helen has often been portrayed as “a whore who cheated on her husband” but her approach is to emphasise how trapped she was and what caused her to elope. On the other hand, there is another Helen, lonely and helpless; desperate to find sanctuary, while Troy is on fire. She was married to King Menelaus of Sparta "who became by her the father of Hermione, and, according to others, of Nicostratus also. On the other hand, Cypria note that this happened the night before they left Sparta.[50]. She was daughter of Zeus, either by Leda or by Nemesis, and sister of the Dioscuri. Was Helen of Troy a real person or not? [53], Herodotus adds weight to the "Egyptian" version of events by putting forward his own evidence—he traveled to Egypt and interviewed the priests of the temple (Foreign Aphrodite, ξείνη Ἀφροδίτη) at Memphis. We are in the process of taking action by implementing several strategic and highly-visible diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives that we believe will result in true enduring improvement for all our stakeholders. See, Euripides and the Gods, Mary R. Lefkowitz. Theseus chose Helen, and Pirithous vowed to marry Persephone, the wife of Hades. Lithographic illustration by Walter Crane, Before the opening of hostilities, the Greeks dispatched a delegation to the Trojans under Odysseus and Menelaus; they endeavored without success to persuade Priam to hand Helen back. "Proto-Indo-European Sun Maidens and Gods of the Moon." [39] On the other hand, Stesichorus said that Iphigenia was the daughter of Theseus and Helen, which obviously implies that Helen was of childbearing age. The Rape of Helen by Francesco Primaticcio (c. 1530–1539, Bowes Museum) is representative of this tradition. They say that when Menelaus was dead, and Orestes still a wanderer, Helen was driven out by Nicostratus and Megapenthes and came to Rhodes, where she had a friend in Polyxo, the wife of Tlepolemus. The 1971 film The Trojan Women was an adaptation of the play by Euripides in which Irene Papas portrayed (a non-blonde) Helen of Troy. When Hellene parents came across each other, Zeus was in the … for no longer have I anyone beside in broad Troy that is gentle to me or kind; [8] It has also been suggested that the λ of Ἑλένη arose from an original ν, and thus the etymology of the name would be connected with the root of Venus. [21] Recent archaeological excavations in Greece suggest that modern-day Laconia was a distinct territory in the Late Bronze Age, while the poets narrate that it was a rich kingdom. In Euripides’ version, only a phantom Helen goes with Paris, and the real woman pines faithfully in Egypt. [73] He eventually selected the best features from five virgins. In Aeneid, Aeneas meets the mutilated Deiphobus in Hades; his wounds serve as a testimony to his ignominious end, abetted by Helen's final act of treachery. El Juicio de Paris by Enrique Simonet, c. 1904. Pop singer-songwriter Al Stewart released a song called Helen and Cassandra on the reissue of his 1988 album Last Days of the Century. 16. Weel, in the end Heinrich Schliemann proved that the city of Troy really existed. This version is contradicted by two of Euripides' other tragedies Electra, which predates The Trojan Women, and Helen, as Helen is described as being in Egypt during the events of the Trojan War in each. $111.60 * 1.73. A 2003 television version of Helen's life up to the fall of Troy, Helen of Troy, in which she was played by Sienna Guillory. Menelaus and Helen rule in Sparta for at least ten years; they have a daughter, Hermione, and (according to some myths) three sons: Aethiolas, Maraphius, and Pleisthenes. This adaptation sees German actress Bella Dayne take on the iconic role of Helen of Troy. most noble husband Action! In Egypt after the Trojan War, Menelaus is allowed to choose between the real, disappointing Helen and an ideal Helen conjured by Egyptian magicians. WHO IS IN THE CAST OF TROY: FALL OF A CITY? [89] The line, which is frequently quoted out of context,[89][91] is a paraphrase of a statement from Lucian's Dialogues of the Dead. The Trojan War, caused by Helen's elopement with Paris, is going to be his means to this end.[46]. But Helen’s character is more complex than it seems. The Greek fleet gathered in Aulis, but the ships could not sail for lack of wind. [20] Her name first appears in the poems of Homer but scholars assume that such myths derive from earlier Mycenaean Greek sources. However, there is no solid evidence to suggest that Helen was a real person. Helen of Troy, Greek Helene, in Greek legend, the most beautiful woman of Greece and the indirect cause of the Trojan War. “She was never able to have her own voice, and she finally wakes up through Paris and starts listening to her own voice and finding that kind of self-value. Print. When she finally met her real husband, Menelaus, he wanted to kill her, but when she dropped her gown, he was blinded by her beauty and just forgave her. This page was last edited on 11 January 2021, at 15:41. Homer narrates that during a brief stop-over in the small island of Kranai, according to Iliad, the two lovers consummated their passion. Elements of her putative biography come from classical authors such as Aristophanes, Cicero, Euripides, and Homer (in both the Iliad and the Odyssey). Troy: Fall of a City airs on BBC One on Saturday nights. Pausanias traveled to Sparta to visit the sanctuary, dedicated to Hilaeira and Phoebe, in order to see the relic for himself. The first written record of Helen is in the Iliad but the origins of the myth that surrounds her dates back to the Bronze Age. Now British historian Hughes investigates the history and myth of Helen, using a mix of archaeological evidence, literary sources and personal observation to flesh out this archetypal creature. In Odyssey, however, Homer narrates a different story: Helen circled the Horse three times, and she imitated the voices of the Greek women left behind at home—she thus tortured the men inside (including Odysseus and Menelaus) with the memory of their loved ones, and brought them to the brink of destruction. [84] There is also evidence for Helen's cult in Hellenistic Sparta: rules for those sacrificing and holding feasts in their honor are extant. [91] In 1928, Richard Strauss wrote the German opera Die ägyptische Helena (The Egyptian Helena), which is the story of Helen and Menelaus's troubles when they are marooned on a mythical island. She is of course, actually, Helen of Sparta. [91] Helen was so beloved by early medieval Christians that she even took on some of the roles of the Virgin Mary. [93] The anthology The Dark Tower by C. S. Lewis includes a fragment entitled "After Ten Years". [9][c], More recently, Otto Skutsch has advanced the theory that the name Helen might have two separate etymologies, which belong to different mythological figures respectively, namely *Sṷelenā (related to Sanskrit svaraṇā "the shining one") and *Selenā, the first a Spartan goddess, connected to one or the other natural light phenomenon (especially St. Elmo's fire) and sister of the Dioscuri, the other a vegetation goddess worshiped in Therapne as Ἑλένα Δενδρῖτις ("Helena of the Trees"). At the time she was queen of the island, having been left with an orphan boy. When she married Menelaus she was still very young; whether her subsequent departure with Paris was an abduction or an elopement is ambiguous (probably deliberately so). Rozokoki, Alexandra. From one side, we read about the treacherous Helen who simulated Bacchic rites and rejoiced over the carnage of Trojans. Odysseus was one of the suitors, but had brought no gifts because he believed he had little chance to win the contest. [52] In the version put forth by Euripides in his play Helen, Hera fashioned a likeness of Helen (eidolon, εἴδωλον) out of clouds at Zeus' request, Hermes took her to Egypt, and Helen never went to Troy instead spending the entire war in Egypt. Helen of Troy is a character in Homer's classic epic poem, the "Iliad," written in the 8th century about the Trojan War, imagined by the Greeks to have occurred about 500 years earlier. Artemis was enraged by a sacrilege, and only the sacrifice of Agamemnon's daughter, Iphigenia, could appease her. All of her suitors were required to swear an oath (known as the Oath of Tyndareus) promising to provide military assistance to the winning suitor, if Helen were ever stolen from him. The obligations of the oath precipitated the Trojan War. [34], Pausanias states that in the middle of the 2nd century AD, the remains of an egg-shell, tied up in ribbons, were still suspended from the roof of a temple on the Spartan acropolis. The Trojan War is thought to have taken place near the end of the Bronze Age. [74] Dares Phrygius describes Helen in his History of the Fall of Troy: "She was beautiful, ingenuous, and charming. In this version, Helen is depicted as unhappy in her marriage and willingly runs away with Paris, with whom she has fallen in love, but still returns to Menelaus after Paris dies and Troy falls. At Sparta, the urban sanctuary of Helen was located near the Platanistas, so called for the plane trees planted there. Two Athenians, Theseus and Pirithous, thought that since they were sons of gods, they should have divine wives; they thus pledged to help each other abduct two daughters of Zeus. We will use your email address only for sending you newsletters. In Christopher Marlowe's Doctor Faustus (1604), Faust conjures the shade of Helen. Just take a look at our online casino guides here. She is filled with self-loathing and regret for what she has caused; by the end of the war, the Trojans have come to hate her. Helen of Troy has been a part of the Western cultural consciousness for thousands of years, an often troubling figure of female sexual power. Stesichorus narrates that both Greeks and Trojans gathered to stone her to death. Hades pretended to offer them hospitality and set a feast, but, as soon as the pair sat down, snakes coiled around their feet and held them there. ", "36. So she sent against her when she was bathing handmaidens dressed up as Furies, who seized Helen and hanged her on a tree, and for this reason the Rhodians have a sanctuary of Helen of the Tree."[71]. This is not the case, however, in Laconic art: on an Archaic stele depicting Helen's recovery after the fall of Troy, Menelaus is armed with a sword but Helen faces him boldly, looking directly into his eyes; and in other works of Peloponnesian art, Helen is shown carrying a wreath, while Menelaus holds his sword aloft vertically. from Marlowe's Faustus, Isaac Asimov jocularly coined the unit "millihelen" to mean the amount of beauty that can launch one ship. And ringlets and Herodotus retells Homer 's Iliad from Helen 's name continues to be remarkable! Precipitated the Trojan War times to represent him 3.02 per share on revenue of $ 551.15 million him Helen... ] Pseudo-Apollodorus states that Helen was portrayed by Diane Kruger in the BBC and Netflix de. 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