In 1240, Kiev was taken by Khan Batu. Denmark, Poland, and Russia made a treaty in 1699, while Prussia preferred to wait and see. Lennart T. Norman Jörgen Weibull Christianization. While the Swedes were campaigning in Germany and Poland after 1706 Peter ordered his forces into Ingaria and found a new port that was to become the City of St Petersburg. Russian princes at that time were disconnected from each other and in a perpetual rivalry for the Kievan throne, so they couldn’t effectively retaliate. In 1808, Napoleon made peace with Russia. But after his several unsuccessful attempts to marry one of the Russian princesses, Napoleon started to openly talk about “crushing Russia”. 2) New diseases used as weapons will cause 25 million people to die. The united European-French army numbered about 600 thousand troops when entering Russia in June, 1812. In Sweden everyone downplays their competence. pp 60, Dorrell, Nicholas. From the 10th century, however, control of the Russian market began to slip from Swedish hands into those of Frisian, German, and Gotland merchants. Russian victories in these wars greatly expanded Peter’s empire, and the defeat of Sweden won Russia direct access to the Baltic Sea, a lifelong obsession of the Russian leader. Before Charles could give battle, though, Peter was able to bribe the Turkish vizier to peace; with this, Charles's ambitions to invade Russia were ended. The Commonwealth, also known as Rzeczpospolita (“The Republic” in Polish), started its history with successful wars against Russia. At first, Napoleon defeated the Russian army in 1805 in the Battle of Austerlitz. Later, during the Great Northern War (1700 - 1721), the Swedish army invaded the then-Russian territories of Belarus, taking the city of Mogilev. Resistance by the population of Moscow eventually forces the invading army out, but the fighting rumbles on until 1618, when an … Dorrell, Nicholas. The Dawn of the Tsarist Empire: Poltava & the Russian Campaigns of 1708—1709, Partizan Press (2009). pp. These lands went back and forth between Russia and Sweden during the 15th-17th centuries, but the main conflict happened during the reign of P… Also, after the Eastern War, Russia was pressed by its united enemies (France, Great Britain, Austria, and Prussia) to surrender some of the formerly conquered Turkish territories, including the Kars fortress and region, back to Turkey. At Avito, I had to fire more than 20 people in the first twelve months. But it didn’t save Russia from the war with Napoleon. (2000) Lund, Historiska media. During most of the conflicts, Turkey didn’t gain any Russian territories – the Ottoman Empire was busy protecting its own lands, which Russia was trying fiercely to conquer in order to take control of the Black Sea. pp 593. However, Sweden kept most of Finland's territory – until 1809. Having consolidated his victories there, Charles turned his attentions to Russia. The consequences of the failed invasion were far-reaching. The invasion was further complicated by the scorched earth strategy formulated by Peter and his generals. Vägen till Poltava. After an extensive army reform, ship-building and industrialization, Russia broke Sweden’s domination over the Baltic Sea in the Great Northern War. Those early days were challenging: the cultural differences did make things hard at first. The Swedish were defeated, and the greater part of Charles's army, some 19,000 men, were forced to surrender. Russia took back all Napoleon’s winnings, followed him to Paris and there helped destroy the Napoleonic empire. Bythe end of the fifteenth century, the line of settlement was about 200kilometers north of the Gulf of Finland, and it ran … The first attempt to Christianize Sweden was made by the Frankish monk Ansgar in 830. Napoleon Bonaparte’s huge project of world domination inevitably stumbled upon the Russian Empire. Click here to find out more. p. 39, Gordon A. 3) Persia and Turkey will be conquered by what seem to be Russian troops. Charles XII led an army to Zealand in Denmark. Russia was so close to controlling the world, so what happened? pp. Polish forces then invaded Russia once again, as a part of the Napoleonic army. Russian princedoms were not occupied by the Mongols: they became Mongolian vassals but the Mongols/Tatars lived outside the Russian territories directly interfering mostly in the … 240. Napoleon retreating from Moscow, 1812. 196. During the reign of Ivan the Terrible (1533-1584), the Russian Tsardom opposed Lithuania, the Livonian Confederation, Poland, Sweden, and Denmark in an exhausting conflict called ‘The Livonian War’ that ended woefully for Russia: it was forced to surrender all its territorial gains to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, after which a ‘super-state’ formed in 1569. Since the 11th century (or maybe earlier), Swedish kings have waged war against the Novgorod republic – a Russian town-state, but not Russia as a whole. The union broke up when Gustav Vasa (r. 1523-60) became king of Sweden. As a result the Danes quickly capitulated. In 1721 Sweden signed the Treaty of Nystad where they agreed to give Estonia, Livonia and Ingria to Russia. Unsettled by the loss of territory to Russia, Sweden went into turmoil. While Charles was bogged down in the vast Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth the Russian Tsar Peter the Great reformed the Russian military and ironically modeled his army on the Swedish forces. Backed by a Turkish army of 200,000 men, Charles led the Turks into the Russo-Turkish War (1710–1711). Brandenburg and Russia, together with such older states as Denmark and Poland, were natural enemies of Sweden. In that same year the pro French party in the Swedish estates overthrew the existing monarch, Gustav IV and elected the aged and childless Charles XIII = 1809-18 . Sweden defeated the Danish invaders at the Battle of Helsingborg (1710). After this, Napoleon continued to create a ‘continental system’, subjugating European states and creating marionette governments and puppet kings to rule them under his supervision. A faraway Eastern empire. ... Having liberated both Norway and Sweden from the Nazis, both states joined and were successfully integrated into the new Union. He entered Russia by crossing the frozen Vistula River at the head of 40,000 men, approximately half of them cavalry. At the beginning of the 13th century, Lithuania strengthened and started regular raids on Russian territories, taking Smolensk (400 km west of Moscow) and held onto it for some time. However, due to the conditions of the 1617 peace treaty, Russia lost its access to the Baltic Sea. Follow/Fav And so the Soviets Conquered. With Sweden seemingly allied more closely to Russia, Sigismund III of Poland launches a pre-emptive attack, capturing Moscow and Smolensk. So Alexander I’s army took Finland from the Swedes and made it a governorate of the Russian Empire. The History of Peter the Great, Emperor of Russia: To which is Prefixed a Short General History of the Country from the Rise of that Monarchy: and an Account of the Author's Life, Volume 1. pp 585. Only in 1678, did the Turks manage to take Chyhyryn, capital of the Cossack state, the Zaporozhian Host, but ransacked and destroyed it, so it was a fruitless victory. Lund, 2007. p. 50. Around the 1240s, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania formed and continued to wage wars against the Russian duchies. Liljegren, B "Karl XII: En Biografi", 2000, p. 156, Dorrell, Nicholas. During the war, St. Petersburg was founded, and in 1721, Peter became the Russian Emperor. The invasion of Aaland and Finland gained extra significance when it triggered a political crisis in Sweden. The monarch was overthrown. In this war, Napoleon didn’t get the support of Sweden or the Ottoman Empire, who had supposed this campaign was to become the end of Napoleon. From 1702 to 1706 Charles fought the Poles. Poland later became a governorate of the Russian Empire that frequently mutinied against Russia that Poland considered an occupying state. This led to the Great Northern War. Bernadotte, formerly one of Napoleon’s marshals, was made Crown Prince of Sweden.However, what looked at first like a perfect opportunity for Napoleon quickly turned sour. Several crazy tyrants with ambitions of world domination. This gave the Russians an outlet to the sea, from which they could threaten Sweden in the Baltic. Sweden - Sweden - The reign of Charles XII: Charles XII acceded to the throne at age 15 at a time when, in the hinterland of the Baltic coast, dominated by the Swedes, new states were being formed. This video pits the Russian military against the combined military might of Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Finland. Sweden still didn't want peace though, because they would have to give lots of land to Russia. Sweden emerged as a great European power under Axel Oxenstierna and King Gustavus Adolphus. However in 1707 Sweden invaded Russia with disastrous results. Peter From, Katastrofen vid Poltava (2007), Lund, Historiska media. Swedish armies briefly conquered Novgorod in 1611, but in 1617 were forced to give it back. From 1561 to 1721, Sweden conquered Karelia and most of modern Estonia and Latvia, as well as parts of northern Germany (notably Western Pomerania, Wismar and Bremen). Navarino battle between Turkey and the allied fleet of Russia, England, and France. The ensuing war became known as the Great Northern War. The wars were predominantly waged for the control of the northern Black Sea area, control of the North Caucasus and the Turkish Straits. Peter From, Katastrofen vid Poltava (2007), Lund, Historiska media. The lands of Rus’ were then plundered, and the population decreased sharply. At my last company, I fired two people in seven years. 77. pp 155, Lanciai Christian, Segern och nederlaget (1974) p. 107, Peter Frost, Katastrofen vid Poltava (2007) p. 259, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Charles XII and the Collapse of the Swedish Empire, 1682- 1719 - R. Nisbet Bain, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swedish_invasion_of_Russia&oldid=994629410, Articles with Swedish-language sources (sv), Articles with Russian-language sources (ru), Articles needing additional references from July 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 16 December 2020, at 18:31. In 1380, Moscow prince Dmitry Donskoy famously defeated the Tatar army at the Kulikovo field, and exactly one hundred years after this, in 1480, the “yoke” of the Golden Horde was lifted during the reign of the first Grand Prince of Moscow, Ivan the Third. We only took a look at the most outrageous attempts – because mentioning each and every war, in which Russian territories were attacked could take forever. “Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Forces Singing the Bogurodzica (Mother of God) Hymn" by Józef Brandt. When Ivan the Terrible conquered Novgorod and made it part of Russia, Sweden became one of its foremost enemies, always trying to conquer the lands of the contemporary St. Petersburg region, then called Ingria lands. Charles was outraged at what he saw as a sur… The Swedish Empire never added new territory after the Battle of Poltava, and shortly thereafter lost more possessions. By: Vengeful Soldier. ), but Napoleon’s territorial gains had been the most substantial since the times of the Golden Horde. pp. Bernadotte decided to protect the interests of his people and committed Sweden to the Russian rather than the French cause. pp. The Dawn of the Tsarist Empire: Poltava & the Russian Campaigns of 1708—1709, Partizan Press (2009). These lands went back and forth between Russia and Sweden during the 15th-17th centuries, but the main conflict happened during the reign of Peter the Great. By the time the remaining soldiers had come back from Norway, Russia had completely conquered Finland. This is when pre-Viking-Age Scandanavians likely settled the northwestern Russian town of Staraya Ladoga (or “Old Ladoga”), across Lake Ladoga from what is now Finland. Russian army numbered fewer troops (about 400 thousand at the beginning of the war, but further increased in numbers with the help of nationwide drafts), but they had home advantage. We've got more than 1,8 million followers on Facebook. Russia conquered Sweden’s Baltic empire between 1700 and 1809, seizing the Baltic States, northern Poland and Finland. As a consequence of this rapid initiation of the campaign, Charles nearly gave battle with Peter the Great just one month into the campaign, reaching Hrodna, now in Belarus, a mere two hours after Russian forces had abandoned it. pp 159. After three unsuccessful attempts at making a peace treaty, Napoleon’s army started to retreat and was completely destroyed by the Russian army and Russian partisans. However, some of these territories were later again taken by Russia after the Russo-Turkish war of 1877-1878, and were returned once more to Turks after the 1918-1921 war between Soviet Russia and Turkey. Sweden in 1700 was the greatest Northern European power and this provoked the jealousy of its neighbors. Peter From, Katastrofen vid Poltava (2007), Lund, Historiska media. In 1368 and 1370, the Lithuanian army besieged Moscow, and in 1402, with the help of Polish army, Lithuania took Smolensk again, which was theirs until 1522. 52–62, Konovaltjuk & Lyth, Pavel & Einar (2009). Russia maintained its conquered possessions in Ingria and the Baltic, was able to consolidate its hold over Ukraine and Poland, develop the new city of Saint Petersburg, and gain vital trade links in the Baltic trade. Vikings founded Kievan Rus in the mid-9th century, but Scandanavian settlements in Eastern Europe actually date back to at least A.D. 750. Other scholars think that the Varangian Guard was first formed after Prince Vladimir, who escaped from Kievan Rus to Sweden around 977 A.D., returned with thousands of mercenaries and conquered the capital city of Kiev. "The fight of Peresvet against Chelubey," by Mikhail Avilov, 1943. Lithuanian warriors of the 16th century by Jan Matejko. The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a major conflict, in which Sweden opposed many European states, led by Russia. George I of Great Britain led Great Britain and Prussia into war against Sweden, and Denmark reentered the war. "Battle of Poltava" by Pierre-Denis Martin. Karl XII:s ryska fälttåg: källstudier, Hans Villius (1951). In 1617-1618, Russia successfully withstood another Commonwealth army attack, which was this time led by their king, Władysław IV Waza. The Dawn of the Tsarist Empire: Poltava & the Russian Campaigns of 1708—1709, Partizan Press (2009). The Russian Empire and Turkey have the longest history of military conflicts. Charles XII opened up a Norwegian front but was killed in Fredriksten in 1718. There were 12 major Russo-Turkish wars (including the Eastern War and the fighting in the Caucasus during WWI), of which Russia won 7, lost 3, and in 2 cases, there was no winner. The culmination… Not to be outdone by the Swedes, Poland also got involved with conflict … In 1718, Charles XII, the Swedish king, was killed, which led to the eventual decline of Swedish power. Russia conquered Estonia, Livonia and Ingria. The Finns gradually conquered the wilderness to thenorth, moved into it, cleared the forest, and established agriculturalcommunities. randenburg, which had been caught between the Swedish territories in Germany and Poland, gained a long period of peace and prosperity (and thus … In Russia, every second person I met could run the company single-handedly. By 1719 Russia had conquered all of Sweden. — Москва: Издательство Академии Наук СССР, 1959. A Northern military state. 174. Emperor Alexander refused to support the continental blockade of British trade, encouraged by Napoleon. Aberdeen. The Swedes began by invading Russia, but were crushed in the Battle of Poltava (1709). In Sweden, there was outrage over Napoleon’s invasion of their land in Pomerania. The Mongol warriors, ranging from 300 thousand to 600 thousand, smothered the defense of the Russian feudal lands. Not that the White Horde was small enough to be easily conquered. 266, Peter From. By-Anton Johansson, Sweden (1858-1909) Johansson predicted the following details: 1) India will be occupied by china. Since the 11th century (or maybe earlier), Swedish kings have waged war against the Novgorod republic – a Russian town-state, but not Russia as a whole. If Napoleon managed to succeed in his Russian Campaign, the EU would have existed for longer perhaps. Russian princes were forced to subjugate to the Tatar-Mongol khans, and pay substantial tributes to them. The Swedish Empire never added new territory after the Battle of Poltava, and shortly thereafter lost more possessions. His army was … The subject of war was the Baltic, its lands and territories. During the Napoleonic Wars Sweden joined the Third Coalition against France - 1805, but France defeated Russia and the latter in turn took Finland from Sweden as compensation - 1809 . In 1812, after several years of preparations, which included heavy surveillance of Russian internal affairs by the French intelligence, the Great Patriotic War of 1812 began. The Poles — Livonian War. 1755. pp. Early 20th-century book illustration. All of them failed to conquer Russia. 363—800. Bengt Liljegren, Karl XII: En biografi. Russia maintained its conquered possessions in Ingria and the Baltic, was able to consolidate its hold over Ukraine and Poland, develop the new city of Saint Petersburg, and gain vital trade links in the Baltic trade. The war ended with the defeat of Sweden, leaving Russia as the new dominant power in the Baltic region and as a new major force in European politics. However, they were very short-lived. pp. In 988 A.D., Vladimir sent 6000 warriors to Byzantium (to strengthen his alliance with the super power). pp 121, Ett kort dock tydeligit utdrag utur then öfwer konung Carl den Tolftes lefwerne och konglida dater, Jöran Andersson Nordberg (1745). 2. In the years preceding the invasion of Russia, Charles had inflicted significant defeats on the Danish and Polish forces, and enthroned the king Stanislas Leszczyński in Poland. Even though Sweden had clearly lost, they did not give up until 1721. pp 98. Afterward, the Swedes crushed the Russians at the battle of Narva in Estonia. St Petersburg, Vladimir … The wars between Russia and Poland in the 18th century led to the dissection of the Polish state between Russia, Prussia, and Austria. When talking about enemies trying to invade and conquer Russia, we’re talking about a time span of roughly 1,000 years and several different “Russias”, including the Ancient Rus, the Moscow Tsardom, the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. The Battle of Kulikovo: When the Russian nation was born, 5 worst military defeats in Russian history, 4 battles that absolutely crushed the Russian army. In 1237-1238, Moscow and Vladimir, powerful cities of the central Rus’, were besieged and taken by the Mongol armies. On 28 June 1709, Charles attached the Russians at Poltava and was routed. The original Vikings were Nordic (Scandinavian): Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland, Greenland, The Faroe Islands and The Aland Islands. While some Swedes tried to lay siege to Saint Petersburg in 1708 (but the town resisted), Charles XII of Sweden led an army to invade the territories around Smolensk, but ultimately co… — С. Charles fled with his surviving 543 men to the protection of the Ottoman Turks to the south, who were traditionally hostile to Russia. The enemies, too, came in different forms. In 1700 Denmark, Poland and Russia attacked Sweden. 9.32am EST 09:32 Sweden limits public gatherings to eight people 7.01am EST 07:01 Moderna says its mRNA Covid vaccine is 95% effective 6.51am EST 06:51 Belgium "abandoned" elderly to … Russian warriors were forced to take part in various military campaigns led by the Golden Horde, part of the Mongol Empire, and later (from the 1260s), a separate state that continued to control Russia was formed. The lands of Lithuania bordered the Russian lands throughout history, and before the 12th century, Lithuanian people were paying tributes to Russian princes. The Polish army, led by Stanisław Żółkiewski, took Smolensk, and after it Moscow, and then barricaded themselves in the Kremlin until they were pushed out by The Second Volunteer Army of Minin and Pozharsky. 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