In 1876, Wild Bill Hickok was suffering from glaucoma. McCormick had a lot of written proof too, which was largely believed by those who met her. Fox met Jessie when she interviewed Jane for an article in Illustrated American magazine. During the Civil War, Wild Bill Hickok served in the Union Army as a civilian scout and later a provost marshal. Charlie Utter, Hickok's friend and companion, claimed Hickok's body and placed a notice in the local newspaper, the Black Hills Pioneer, which read: Died in Deadwood, Black Hills, August 2, 1876, from the effects of a pistol shot, J. A former cavalryman, J.W. Shes all Ive got to live fer; shes my only comfort [sic]. Fox described Jessie as neatly dressed but shy and embarrassed. Yet she had a bright face, and her manners were very good for one whose opportunities had been so few.. Joseph J. A young drifter named Jack McCall walked in and approached Hickok from behind. Lancaster, California. He died in 1887. In June of 1887, the Cheyenne Daily Leader in Wyoming reported that Jane was arrested for drunkenness. Wild Bill Hickok begins to establish his reputation as a gunfighter after he shoots three men during a shootout in Nebraska. Hickoks father moved his family from Vermont to Maine to Homer (now Troy Grove), Illinois. Hickok lost a gold watch to Tutt in a poker game. The watch had great sentimental value to Hickok, so he asked Tutt not to wear it in public. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The way Wild Bill conducted himself in his later years was a direct correlation for what he did when he was a young boy. [c] However, if they felt the threat of danger was real and imminent, he instructed they could apply the unwritten law of the "fair fight" and acquit. [73], Hickok's favorite guns were a pair of Colt 1851 Navy Model (.36 caliber) cap-and-ball revolvers. He later became a lawman before settling down in Deadwood, South Dakota where he would soon meet his death. They refused, so Hickok altered it himself. Did Nick McGlashan have a family? They even did a stint abroad, performing for one season in Germany in 1862. [46]:4558[48] A newspaper reported, "A man was killed in his bed at a hotel in Abilene, Monday night, by a desperado called 'Arkansas'. Circa 1890. In the episode Dillon and Hickok are old friends. While in Deadwood, South Dakota, Wild Bill Hickok became a regular poker player at Nuttal & Mann's Saloon. The couple had a daughter, who also became an accomplished performer and horseback rider. [7] Photographs of Hickok appear to depict dark hair, but all contemporaneous descriptions affirm that it was red. Several times he was arrested for vagrancy. "[49], Hickok and Phil Coe, a saloon owner and acquaintance of Hardin's, had a dispute that resulted in a shootout. He was the fourth son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok. Were Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane married, and did they have a daughter? [21] Hickok subsequently visited McCanles' widow, apologized for the killing, and offered her $35 in restitution, all the money he had with him at the time. Most newspapers referred to him as William Haycock until 1869. The hand of cards which he supposedly held at the time of his death has become known as the dead man's hand: two pairs; black aces and eights. [26]:329 Hickok did not enjoy acting, and often hid behind scenery. In 1876 in Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory, Hickok married Agnes Lake Thatcher, a former circus performer. McCall tried to . The 10th Regiment arrived at Fort Lyon in Colorado in October and remained there for the rest of 1868. Still, feeling he had escaped punishment, McCall began to brag to anyone that would listen that he had killed Wild Bill Hickok. Hickok left his new bride a few months later, joining Charlie Utter's wagon train to seek his fortune in the gold fields of South Dakota. On September 4, Hickok was wounded in the foot while rescuing several cattlemen in the Bijou Creek basin who had been surrounded by Indians. Citizens warned Mulvey to behave, because Hickok was sheriff. Around this time, young James Hickok began using his father's name of William - the 'Wild' part came later - and he also met Buffalo Bill Cody, then just a messenger boy on a wagon train. The bullet emerged through his right cheek and struck another player, riverboat Captain William Massie, in the left wrist. [12], While in Nebraska, Hickok was derisively referred to by one man as "Duck Bill" for his long nose and protruding lips. Lonergan pinned Hickok to the ground, and Kyle put his gun to Hickok's ear. There are many versions of the shootout that occurred at Rock Creek on July 12, 1861, shortly after the start of the Civil War, and all, in one way or another, contributed to Hickoks legend. [a][8], In 1855, at age 18, James Hickok fled Illinois following a fight with Charles Hudson, during which both fell into a canal; each thought, mistakenly, that he had killed the other. [66] McCall was acquitted of the murder, which prompted editorializing in the Black Hills Pioneer: "Should it ever be our misfortune to kill a man we would simply ask that our trial may take place in some of the mining camps of these hills." In July, Hickok told a newspaper reporter that he had led several soldiers in pursuit of Indians who had killed four men near the fort on July 2. In 1860, Hickok was badly injured by a bear, while driving a freight team from Independence, Missouri, to Santa Fe, New Mexico. Calamity Jane was reported to have been buried next to Hickok according to her dying wish. During the next several years he appeared in Buffalo Bill Codys Wild West Show, living off his fame as the consummate gunfighter. The White Buffalo (1977), starring Charles Bronson as Hickok, tells a tale of Hickok's hunt for a murderous white buffalo that follows him in his nightmares. He was famous on the Deadliest Catch for his hard work, knowledge of fishing, and quick-witted humor. Four of the men on the self-appointed committee who planned Calamity's funeral (Albert Malter, Frank Ankeney, Jim Carson, and Anson Higby) later stated that, since Hickok had "absolutely no use" for Jane in this life, they decided to play a posthumous joke on him by laying her to rest by his side. In the melee that followed, Hickok shot Woods, who, most historians agree, was then attacked and ultimately killed with a hoe by Mrs. Wellman. He became a deputy U.S. marshal, and on March 28, 1868, he picked up 11 Union Army deserters who had been charged with stealing government property. By the age of 17, he was an excellent marksman. He was later elected constable of Monticello Township in Johnson County, Kansas. [13][14] He was also known before 1861 among Jayhawkers as "Shanghai Bill" because of his height and slim build. Then in 1996, a second daughter was revealed. In the Frederic Remington illustration of The Sentinel, is the mission San Xavier del Bac? His exploits as a gunfighter, scout, and lawman were legendary and he became the topic of many fictionalized accounts. There, the freight company had built a stagecoach stop along the Oregon Trail near Fairbury, Nebraska, on land purchased from David McCanles. Author McClaird theorised that Jessie, who had no birth certificate, said what she had to in order to receive financial assistance at her last residence in California. [10][pageneeded][11] In an 1867 article about his shootout with Davis Tutt, his surname was misspelled as Hitchcock. No other woman in the American west possesses a more enigmatic legacy than Martha Calamity Jane Canary. [28] Tutt's shot missed, but Hickok's struck Tutt through the heart from about 75 yards (69m) away. Bonhams auction company offered this pistol at auction on November 18, 2013, in San Francisco, California,[75] described as Hickok's Smith & Wesson No. "[56], Martha Jane Cannary, known popularly as Calamity Jane, claimed in her autobiography that she was married to Hickok and had divorced him so he could be free to marry Agnes Lake, but no records that support her account have been found. After the fact, there was much speculation as to whether romantic rivalry had had a role in the incident: Hickok was apparently involved with a woman who had also been involved with the married McCanles. Hickok moved west in 1855 to farm and joined General James Lane's Free State (antislavery) forces in Kansas. They traveled to Deadwood, South Dakota, together and were acquaintances, but there is no evidence of a romance (especially on his part). Hickok was sent from Abilene to arrest Matt Dillon (William Conrad) for the murder of a man he had thrown out of Dodge earlier that month. In more recent times, however, Calamity Jane biographer James McLaird disproved McCormicks claim by researching when and how her fantastic autobiography unfolded. On December 9, Hickok and Lanihan both served legal papers on Macintosh, and local newspapers acknowledged that Hickok had guardianship of Hays City. He is also remembered for the cards he was holding when he was shot dead a pair of black aces and a pair of black eights since known as the dead man's hand. [j] Utter supervised the move and noted that, while perfectly preserved, Hickok had been imperfectly embalmed. In one show, he shot the spotlight when it focused on him. He replaced Tom "Bear River" Smith, who had been killed while serving an arrest warrant on November 2, 1870. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The trial did not last more than fifteen minutes.[23]. Quay House, The Ambury, What do you know about Pete Spence, a member of the Cowboys of Tombstone? The story quickly became newspaper and magazine fodder. Almost the entire town attended the funeral, and Utter had Hickok buried with a wooden grave marker reading: Wild Bill, J. Despite his reputation,[70] Hickok was buried in the Ingelside Cemetery, Deadwood's original graveyard. McCanles also acted as the stations manager before the company replaced him with Horace Wellman, and McCanles had reputedly ridiculed Hickok during his convalescence from his injuries. Hickoks family emigrated from England in 1635 to Massachusetts, where his great-grandfather responded to the British march on Lexington and Concord at the beginning of the American Revolution. In 1871 he took over as the marshal of the tough cow town of Abilene, Kansas. While a Jayhawker, he met 12-year-old William Cody (later known as "Buffalo Bill"), who, despite his youth, served as a scout just two years later for the U.S. Army during the Utah War. The episode correctly relates Hickok's vision problems late in his life, and also includes his murderer, Jack McCall, in a highly fictionalized role. Hickok then tried acting in Wild West shows, which were growing in popularity. ", Nichols, George Ward (1867). In the film version, Howard Keel co-stars as Hickok to Doris Day's Calamity Jane. Hickok managed to fire another shot, wounding the bear's paw. McCall was executed for the murder . In her book Calamity Janes Daughter: The Story of Maude Weir, Weirs own daughter, Ruth Shadley, said her family secretly knew that Maudes real mother was Calamity Jane. A month or so later, he left their honeymoon in Cincinnati for the goldfields of the Black Hills in the Dakota Territory, where he hoped to make enough money to send for her. He is said to have wrestled a bear When they returned from overseas, Agnes and Bill Lake decided to start their own circus. That belief came from the fertile imaginations of othersespecially Jean McCormick, who claimed to be the daughter of the legendary pair. Most modern retailers of Old West period clothing seem to sell only banded collared shirts, yet old photographs show cowboys did wear shirts with collars. . Just as he pulled the trigger, one of the policemen rushed around the corner between Coe and the pistols and both balls entered his body, killing him instantly. Playing cards with his back to the door, Hickok had no clue that he was about to be murdered. The second trial was not considered double jeopardy because of the irregular jury in the first trial and because Deadwood was at the time in unorganized Indian country. Visit our corporate site. Wild Bill Hickok's iconic status is rooted in a shootout in July 1861 in what came to be known as the McCanles Massacre in Rock Creek, Nebraska. Calamity Jane! Jessie withdrew from the Academy a short time later, but in January of 1896, Jane was finally able to take her to St. Martins Academy in Sturgis. Horace Hickok was born in October of 1834. [24], In late 1863, Hickok worked for the provost marshal of southwest Missouri as a member of the Springfield detective police. ", "James Butler Hickok May 27 1837 - August 2 1876 Better known as "Wild Bill" Hickok", "James Butler 'Wild Bill' Hickok, Early Deadwood", "Nebraska Legends: Rock Creek Station and the McCanles Massacre", "Chronology on Life of James Butler HICKOK, Wild Bill Hickok, Old West Kansas", "Rock Creek Station State Historical Park", "Legal Culture, Wild Bill Hickok and the Gunslinger Myth", "Myths and Realities of Frontier Violence: A Look at the Gunfighter Saga", "Frontier Hero - Reminiscences of Wild Bill Hickok by his old Friend Buffalo Bill", "The State Journal (Jefferson City, Mo. "Dead man's hand" was an established poker. B. Hickock [sic] (Wild Bill) formerly of Cheyenne, Wyoming. Hickok remains a popular figure of frontier history. In 1941, Jean Hickok McCormick appeared in Billings, Montana. Calamity Jane (1852-1903) was a well-known American frontierswoman and entertainment who was well-known for her marksmanship and acquaintance with Wild Bill Hickok. [67], After bragging about killing Hickok, McCall was rearrested. When Kyle's weapon misfired, Hickok shot Lonergan, wounding him in the knee, and shot Kyle twice, killing him. Wild Bill had learned of the scheme and cornered Coe, had his two pistols drawn on Coe. Last, there is Jessiethe most credible of Calamity Janes daughters. Although the show brought Hickok some much-needed income, he was unhappy, began drinking heavily, and returned to the West in March 1874. Hickok is currently interred in a 10ft (3m) square plot at the Mount Moriah Cemetery, surrounded by a cast-iron fence, with a U.S. flag flying nearby. By 1942 Jessie had changed her story, perhaps at McCormicks urging. It is a loose adaptation of Hickok's life, ending with his famous aces-and-eights card hand. Calamity Jane. Wild Bill's brother, Oliver Cromwell Hickok married and fathered five children per: Search Results from User Submitted Genealogies (only as accurate as submitter). James Butler Hickok was born May 27, 1837, in Homer, Illinois, (present-day Troy Grove, Illinois) to William Alonzo Hickok, a farmer and abolitionist, and his wife, Polly Butler. Hickok has remained one of the most popular and iconic figures of the American Old West, and is still frequently depicted in popular culture, including literature, film, and television. Many people knew that Jane had a "crush" on Hickok but few, if any, knew that they were married. "The Custer-Hickok Shootout in Hays City. This, in turn, was destroyed by souvenir hunters and replaced in 1902 by a life-sized sandstone sculpture of Hickok. The son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok, he was by all accounts a master marksman from an early age. The charge was later reduced to manslaughter. McCall alleged that John Varnes, a Deadwood gambler, had paid him to murder Wild Bill. James Butler Hickok was born in Troy Grove, Illinois, on May 27, 1837, to William Alonzo Hickok and Polly Butler Hickok. Future Publishing Limited Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [39] Three sheriffs had quit during the previous 18 months. Before being called Wild Bill Hickok, his original name was James Butler Hickok. [9], At the time of his death, Hickok was wearing a Smith & Wesson Model No. And though it is difficult to picture her in the domestic arena, Jane was also a mother. Take that!" The identity of the fifth card (his "hole card") is also the subject of debate. Hickok may have been acting sheriff before he was elected; a newspaper reported that he arrested offenders on August 18, and the commander of Fort Hays wrote a letter to the assistant adjutant general on August 21 in which he praised Hickok for his work in apprehending deserters. by Marshall Trimble | Nov 1, 2007 | Inside History. Hickok is a playable character in the 2018 board game Deadwood 1876 by Faade Games. In an 1871 account that changed his life, Hickok was reportedly involved in a shootout with saloon owner Phil Coe. Hickok ran as an Independent; but lost to his deputy, Peter Lanihan, who ran as a Democrat. "George Ward Nichols and the Legend of Wild Bill Hickok. By Jan MacKell Collins. [9], In 1865, Hickok recruited six Native Americans and three cowboys to accompany him to Niagara Falls, where he put on an outdoor demonstration called The Daring Buffalo Chasers of the Plains. [18] On March 22, 1858, he was elected one of the first four constables of Monticello Township. Astrological Sign: Gemini, Death Year: 1876, Death date: August 2, 1876, Death State: South Dakota, Death City: Deadwood, Death Country: United States, Article Title: Wild Bill Hickok Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/personality/wild-bill-hickok, Publisher: A&E Television Networks, Last Updated: July 28, 2020, Original Published Date: April 2, 2014. His reputation as a gunfighter gave rise to legends and tales about his life. Wild Bill Hickok is remembered for his services in Kansas as sheriff of Hays City and marshal of Abilene, where his ironhanded rule helped to tame two of the most lawless towns on the frontier. The event haunted Hickok for the rest of his life. Im glad shes come [home from school] while youre here, Jane told Fox, fer I want you to see her. In real life, Calamity Jane (Martha Jane Canary) never met 'Doc' Holliday: she actually was in love and pursued 'Wild Bill' Hickock. [i][68], Jack McCall was hanged on March 1, 1877, and buried in a Roman Catholic cemetery. Behind the mission, arent those the Santa Catalina Mountains? [65][66], McCall was summoned before an informal "miners' jury" (an ad hoc local group of miners and businessmen). "The Girl and the Gunfighter: A Newly Discovered Photograph of Wild Bill Hickok. He noted that the sound was similar to tapping a brick wall and believed the remains weighed more than 400lb (180kg). In the melee, Hickok caught a glimpse of someone moving towards him and responded with two shots killing his deputy Mike Williams. He wanted me to go with him, and as we started on our way, imagine my surprise and uncomfortable feeling when he announced his intention of stopping at the McCanles home. ", Rosa, Joseph G. (1977). On August 2, 1876, Wild Bill Hickok died a sudden, violent death while gambling in a saloon in Deadwood, South Dakota. "J.B. Hickok, Deputy U.S. Hickok moved to Leavenworth in the Kansas Territory, where he joined Jim Lane's Free State Army (also known as the Jayhawkers), an antislavery vigilante group active in the new territory during the Bleeding Kansas era. Witnesses confirm that the story was true to the extent the party had set out to find whoever had killed the four men,[e] but the group returned to the fort "without nary a dead Indian, [never] even seeing a live one". During the Civil War he found employment as a teamster and spy for the Union Army. In 1954 an episode of Gunsmoke on CBS radio featured John Dehner as Hickok. [62][63] Hickok may have told his friend Charlie Utter and others who were traveling with them that he thought he would be killed while in Deadwood. As the scene unfolded, McCanles entered the station, and, from behind the curtain that divided it in two, either Hickok or Wellman shot McCanles. "Gunfighters of the Real West: Wild Bill Hickok. Not wasting a second, he quietly drew his revolver and shot Hickok in the back of the head, instantly killing him. [54], Charles Snyder, the Lucien Howe Librarian of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, said "Granular conjunctivitis, ophtalmia, trachomacall it what you willwas common on the Western Frontier. [9], Shortly before his death, Hickock wrote a letter to his new wife, which read in part, "Agnes Darling, if such should be we never meet again, while firing my last shot, I will gently breathe the name of my wifeAgnesand with wishes even for my enemies I will make the plunge and try to swim to the other shore. A semifictionalized version of Hickok's time as marshal of Abilene Kansas, titled Hickok (2017), stars Luke Hemsworth as Hickok, Trace Adkins as the Bull's Head Saloon keeper Phil Coe, Kris Kristofferson as Abilene mayor George Knox, and Kaiwi Lyman-Mersereau as John Wesley Hardin. Wild Bill - Tom Clavin 2019-02-05 The denitive true story of Wild Bill, the rst lawman of the Wild West, by the #1 New York Times bestselling author of Dodge City. Military records after 1865 list him as Hickok, but note that he was also known as Haycock. At the time, shooting stray dogs within city limits was legal, and a 50-cent bounty was paid by the city for each one shot. Coe claimed that he was shooting at a stray dog,[g] and then suddenly turned his gun on Hickok, who fired first and killed Coe. 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